Paint – a composition of several ingredients. We list the main ones. Binder (film former) – a polymer that forms a protective film, a good mesh with the painted surface, the second function film former is a deduction in the form of a whole other components. Paint – a composition of several ingredients. We list the main ones. Binder (film former) – a polymer that forms protective film, well adhere to the painted surface, the second feature film former is a deduction in the form of a whole other components. A coloring agent – most often the pigment (Superfine powder of a certain color, which has optical activity, ie the ability to actively reflect light waves of a certain wavelength), or (rarely!) Dye-ingredient, dissolved in the liquid part of paints (organic solvent or water).
Fillers – and superfine powders with a low refractive index, lack of proper hue. They increase the weather resistance and adhesion coatings. Raw materials for these different cheapness and availability. The liquid part of – a solvent or dispersion medium (usually water). In addition, in the paint may contain a sufficiently large number of additives with different useful features, but still above-mentioned components – the main ones.
However, if you take the mentioned ingredients and just mix them, the paint will not work: forms sort of a mixture (suspension), which settles to the bottom of the vessel, that is, you do not achieve more or less homogeneous mass. In order to obtain a homogeneous mixture, require intensive mechanical or hydrodynamic impact using special equipment – ball or bead mills, dissolvers or rotary-pulsation apparatus. This process is called dispersion or grinding. Often based on domestic value of the word, it is believed that the grinding is achieved by reducing the size of large particles of pigments and fillers. Such an effect is indeed present, but it is not the most important. The main thing – is that under vigorous stirring film former (or wetting agent in aquatic systems) fixed (adsorbed) on the particles of pigments and fillers, providing the stability that is neosedaemost mixture. It follows that any kind of additives into the finished paint to change its properties degrade its quality, and sometimes irrevocably spoil it. Since the introduction of an element can not properly aligned with the finished composition. This explains the warning on the label: "Do not mix with other paints and solvents! "The most important element in the classification of colors is the designation of the chemical nature (and, hence, the major protective properties) of the polymer matrix. That designation – letter (usually two letters). For example: ma – Oil gf – glyptal pf – pentaphthalic ep – Epoxy ak – polyacrylic va – polyvinyl cn – rubber nc – nitrocellulose mls – melamine, etc. This list is not exhaustive, we have named only a few of the most commonly used types of paint. If the paint made based on aqueous dispersions of polymers, then added to the letter index notation wa, for example: hp qc, wa va wa ak. After the letter indices follow digital. The first figures indicate the following: 1 – Weatherproof, 2 – partially weatherproof (for a surface under a canopy or indoor), digits 3 no, not to confusion with close to writing the letter of Russian alphabet, 4 – water-resistant, 5 – special (with specific "custom" properties), 6 – oil-petrol-resistant, 7 – chemically resistant, 8 – Heat-resistant, 9 – electrical; 0 – primer 00 – putty. The remaining digits – this is the serial number of registration material.